> ## 1. [The Four Tendencies (link)](https://gretchenrubin.com/four-tendencies/) > > To change your habits, you have to know yourself, and in particular, your Tendency—that is, whether you’re an [Upholder, Questioner, Obliger, or Rebel (link)](https://gretchenrubin.com/quiz/the-four-tendencies-quiz/).  > > All of us face both _outer_ expectations (meet a work deadline) and _inner_ expectations (keep a New Year’s resolution). Your Tendency describes how you respond to those expectations.  > > - **Upholders** respond readily to both outer and inner expectations. They work hard to meet others’ expectations—and their expectations for themselves. > - **Questioners** question all expectations, and will meet an expectation only if they believe it’s justified by reason, logic, and fairness; they follow only inner expectations. > - **Obligers** respond readily to outer expectations but struggle to meet inner expectations. They keep their promises to others, but have difficulty keeping their promises to themselves. They respond to external accountability. > - **Rebels** resist all expectations, outer and inner alike. They choose to act from a sense of choice, identity, or freedom. They resist control—even self-control.  > > When we try to form a new habit, we set an expectation for ourselves, so understanding our Tendency allows us to choose the strategies that will work for _us_. For instance, accountability is a crucial strategy for Obligers, but for Rebels, it can be counter-productive.